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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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czechos.4
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1991-04-07
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Economy
Overview: Czechoslovakia is highly industrialized and has
a well-educated and skilled labor force. Its industry, transport,
energy sources, banking, and most other means of production
are state owned. The country is deficient, however, in energy
and many raw materials. Moreover, its aging capital plant
lags well behind West European standards. Industry contributes
over 50% to GNP and construction 10%. About 95% of agricultural
land is in collectives or state farms. The centrally planned
economy has been tightly linked in trade (80%) to the USSR
and Eastern Europe. Growth has been sluggish, averaging
less than 2% in the period 1982-89. GNP per capita ranks
next to the GDR as the highest in the Communist countries.
As in the rest of Eastern Europe, the sweeping political
changes of 1989 have been disrupting normal channels of
supply and compounding the government's economic problems.
Czechoslovakia is beginning the difficult transition from
a command to a market economy.
GNP: $123.2 billion, per capita $7,878; real growth rate 1.0%
(1989 est.).
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.5% (1989).
Unemployment rate: 0.9% (1987).
Budget: revenues $22.4 billion; expenditures $21.9 billion,
including capital expenditures of $3.7 billion (1986 state budget).
Exports: $24.5 billion (f.o.b., 1988); commodities--machinery
and equipment 58.5%; industrial consumer goods 15.2%; fuels,
minerals, and metals 10.6%; agricultural and forestry products
6.1%, other products 15.2%; partners--USSR, GDR, Poland,
Hungary, FRG, Yugoslavia, Austria, Bulgaria, Romania, US.
Imports: $23.5 billion (f.o.b., 1988); commodities--machinery
and equipment 41.6%; fuels, minerals, and metals 32.2%;
agricultural and forestry products 11.5%; industrial consumer
goods 6.7%; other products 8.0%; partners--USSR, GDR, Poland,
Hungary, FRG, Yugoslavia, Austria, Bulgaria, Romania, US.
External debt: $7.4 billion, hard currency indebtedness (1989).
Industrial production: growth rate 2.1% (1988).
Electricity: 22,955,000 kW capacity; 85,000 million kWh
produced, 5,410 kWh per capita (1989).
Industries: iron and steel, machinery and equipment, cement,
sheet glass, motor vehicles, armaments, chemicals, ceramics,
wood, paper products, footwear.
Agriculture: accounts for 15% of GNP (includes forestry);
largely self-sufficient in food production; diversified
crop and livestock production, including grains, potatoes,
sugar beets, hops, fruit, hogs, cattle, and poultry; exporter
of forest products.
Aid: donor--$4.2 billion in bilateral aid to non-Communist
less developed countries (1954-88).
Currency: koruna (plural--koruny); 1 koruna (Kc) = 100 haleru.
Exchange rates: koruny (Kcs) per US$1--17.00 (March 1990),
10.00 (1989), 5.63 (1988), 5.43 (1987), 5.95 (1986), 6.79
(1985), 6.65 (1984).
Fiscal year: calendar year.