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- Economy
-
- Overview: Czechoslovakia is highly industrialized and has
- a well-educated and skilled labor force. Its industry, transport,
- energy sources, banking, and most other means of production
- are state owned. The country is deficient, however, in energy
- and many raw materials. Moreover, its aging capital plant
- lags well behind West European standards. Industry contributes
- over 50% to GNP and construction 10%. About 95% of agricultural
- land is in collectives or state farms. The centrally planned
- economy has been tightly linked in trade (80%) to the USSR
- and Eastern Europe. Growth has been sluggish, averaging
- less than 2% in the period 1982-89. GNP per capita ranks
- next to the GDR as the highest in the Communist countries.
- As in the rest of Eastern Europe, the sweeping political
- changes of 1989 have been disrupting normal channels of
- supply and compounding the government's economic problems.
- Czechoslovakia is beginning the difficult transition from
- a command to a market economy.
-
- GNP: $123.2 billion, per capita $7,878; real growth rate 1.0%
- (1989 est.).
-
- Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.5% (1989).
-
- Unemployment rate: 0.9% (1987).
-
- Budget: revenues $22.4 billion; expenditures $21.9 billion,
- including capital expenditures of $3.7 billion (1986 state budget).
-
- Exports: $24.5 billion (f.o.b., 1988); commodities--machinery
- and equipment 58.5%; industrial consumer goods 15.2%; fuels,
- minerals, and metals 10.6%; agricultural and forestry products
- 6.1%, other products 15.2%; partners--USSR, GDR, Poland,
- Hungary, FRG, Yugoslavia, Austria, Bulgaria, Romania, US.
-
- Imports: $23.5 billion (f.o.b., 1988); commodities--machinery
- and equipment 41.6%; fuels, minerals, and metals 32.2%;
- agricultural and forestry products 11.5%; industrial consumer
- goods 6.7%; other products 8.0%; partners--USSR, GDR, Poland,
- Hungary, FRG, Yugoslavia, Austria, Bulgaria, Romania, US.
-
- External debt: $7.4 billion, hard currency indebtedness (1989).
-
- Industrial production: growth rate 2.1% (1988).
-
- Electricity: 22,955,000 kW capacity; 85,000 million kWh
- produced, 5,410 kWh per capita (1989).
-
- Industries: iron and steel, machinery and equipment, cement,
- sheet glass, motor vehicles, armaments, chemicals, ceramics,
- wood, paper products, footwear.
-
- Agriculture: accounts for 15% of GNP (includes forestry);
- largely self-sufficient in food production; diversified
- crop and livestock production, including grains, potatoes,
- sugar beets, hops, fruit, hogs, cattle, and poultry; exporter
- of forest products.
-
- Aid: donor--$4.2 billion in bilateral aid to non-Communist
- less developed countries (1954-88).
-
- Currency: koruna (plural--koruny); 1 koruna (Kc) = 100 haleru.
-
- Exchange rates: koruny (Kcs) per US$1--17.00 (March 1990),
- 10.00 (1989), 5.63 (1988), 5.43 (1987), 5.95 (1986), 6.79
- (1985), 6.65 (1984).
-
- Fiscal year: calendar year.
-